Wave-current force on bridge foundation

Many cross-sea bridges have been constructed or in construction in the Chinese coastal areas, such as Hangzhou Bay Bridge, East China Sea Bridge and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, etc. Usually the foundations of cross-sea bridges will bear the load of wave and current simultaneously, the extreme value of which is an important factor for bridge design. It is quite difficult to estimate the extreme wave-current forces on bridge foundations due to their complex form, for example a polygonal platform pier shape on piles. In this paper, we use a combination method to calculate wave-current force on such complex bridge foundation. The Morison equation is applied to calculation wave-current load on piles with small diameters (D/L<0.2) and the effect of wave phase difference between piles is considered when calculating the total force on all piles. For bridge foundation strctures of large diameters (D/L>0.2), wave force and curent force are calculated seperately and then added together, i.e. wave force is calculated by Boundary Element Method based on wave diffraction theory, while current force is calculated by the drag force formula. Some physical model tests are conducted for different types of bridge foudations, and wave-current forces are measured by force sensors. The calculation method is verified by the physical model and good agreement is obtained between calculation results and model tests data. It is revealed that the nonlinear wave-current interaction effect on force is not significant in large diameter stucture case, but the wave parameters used in the wave force model should be the ones affected by the current

Wild silkworm cocoon as a natural tough biological composite structure

Silk cocoons are biological composites with intriguing characteristics that have evolved through a long natural selection process. Knowledge of structure-property-function relationship of multilayered composite silk cocoon shells gives insight into the design of next-generation protection materials. The current investigation studied the composite structure and mechanical performance of a wild silkworm cocoon (Chinese tussah silkworm cocoon, Antheraea pernyi) in comparison with the domestic counterpart (Mulberry silkworm cocoon, Bombyx mori). 180&ordm; peel and tensile tests were performed on the cocoon walls to understand both their interlaminar and in-plane mechanical properties. The fracture surfaces were investigated under SEM. The wild cocoon showed substantially higher toughness over the domestic cocoon, which explains their unique capability to tackle severe environmental adversaries

Dynamics of the entanglement rate in the presence of decoherence

The dynamics of the entanglement rate are investigated in this paper for pairwise interaction and two special sets of initial states. The results show that for the given interaction and the decoherence scheme, the competitions between decohering and entangling lead to two different results--some initial states may be used to prepare entanglement while the others do not. A criterion on decohering and entangling is also presented and discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Quantum correlation in three-qubit Heisenberg model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

We investigate the pairwise thermal quantum discord in a three-qubit XXZ model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. We find that the DM interaction can increase quantum discord to a fixed value in the anti- ferromagnetic system, but decreases quantum discord to a minimum first, then increases it to a fixed value in the ferromagnetic system. Abrupt change of quantum discord is observed, which indicates the abrupt change of groundstate. Dynamics of pairwise thermal quantum discord is also considered. We show that thermal discord vanishes in asymptotic limit regardless of its initial values, while thermal entanglement suddenly disappears at finite time.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Existence and uniqueness of solutions for systems of fractional differential equations with Riemann–Stieltjes integral boundary condition

In this article, we first establish an existence and uniqueness result for a class of systems of nonlinear operator equations under more general conditions by means of the cone theory and monotone iterative technique. Furthermore, the iterative sequence of the solution and the error estimation of the system are given. Then we use this new result to study the existence and uniqueness of the solution for boundary value problems of systems of fractional differential equations with a Riemann–Stieltjes integral boundary condition in real Banach spaces. The results obtained in this paper are more general than many previous results and complement them

Constraints on the dark photon from deep inelastic scattering

We investigate constraints on the dark photon arising from an analysis of deep inelastic scattering data. We perform extractions of parton distribution functions with and without a dark photon being present and allow the dark photon mixing parameter and mass to vary. We also include the effects of vector-meson dominance to ensure the correct photoproduction limit. By considering the variation of the total χ² arising from such extractions, we infer exclusion limits on the kinetic mixing parameter of the dark photon for dark photon mass up to 80 GeV.A.W. Thomas, X.G. Wang, and A.G. William

Numerical Jordan-Wigner approach for two dimensional spin systems

We present a numerical self consistent variational approach based on the Jordan-Wigner transformation for two dimensional spin systems. We apply it to the study of the well known quantum (S=1/2) antiferromagnetic XXZ system as a function of the easy-axis anisotropy \Delta on a periodic square lattice. For the SU(2) case the method converges to a N\'eel ordered ground state irrespectively of the input density profile used and in accordance with other studies. This shows the potential utility of the proposed method to investigate more complicated situations like frustrated or disordered systems.Comment: Revtex, 8 pages, 4 figure

Do short-range correlations cause the nuclear EMC effect in the Deuteron?

The relative contributions to the valence nuclear European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect in the deuteron arising from nucleon off-shell effects and Fermi motion are examined in models which include nuclear binding and off-shell effects. Contrary to expectations, the effect of Fermi motion overwhelms the off-shell effects for nucleons in short-range correlations (SRCs), calling into question the hypothesized causal connection between SRCs and the EMC effect.X. G. Wang, A. W. Thomas and W. Melnitchou

Growth of High Quality CdZnTe Films by Close-Spaced Sublimation Method

AbstractThe effects of substrate temperature, source temperature and separation distance between the source and substrate on the growth rate of CdZnTe (CZT) films by Closed Space Sublimation (CSS) were systematically investigated. A maximum deposition rate of above 5μm/min was achieved with a source temperature of 650°C. The CZT films were heat treated by CdCl2 vapour in CSS system. The CdCl2 treatment on the structural and optical properties of CZT films was studied